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Atomic veterans are United States military veterans who were exposed to ionizing radiation while stationing in the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during the American occupation of Japan before 1946 (including certain veterans who were prisoners of war there) and thousands of servicemen who took part in atmospheric nuclear tests (1945-1962). The Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Nuclear Test Personnel Review has maintained a database of participants and radiation dose reconstructions since 1978. Dose reconstructions are used by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to evaluate and decide veterans' claims filed under the provisions of Public Law (PL) 98-542 and implementing regulations in Title 38 of the Code of Federal Regulations, part 3.311.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Public Health, Radiation )〕 A formal (investigation ) of the radiation exposure these veterans received, as well as radiation experiments conducted on humans, was initiated in 1994, by former President Bill Clinton, who apologized for their treatment in 1995.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Apology by Bill Clinton to Atomic Veterans )〕 "In 1996, the U.S. Congress repealed the Nuclear Radiation Secrecy Agreement Act, which rescinded the Atomic Veteran “(oath-of-secrecy ),” thus allowing Atomic-Veterans the opportunity to recount stories of their participation in Nuclear weapon testing and post test event activities, without legal penalty.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Atomic Veteran Brochure )〕 By this time,however, many thousands of Atomic Veterans, the majority of whom were afflicted with a host of radiation induced health issues, such as cancer, had taken that “(secret )” with them, to their graves.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=National Association of Atomic Veterans )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AARP Notification to Atomic Veterans )〕 The remaining atomic veterans may receive special priority enrollment for health care services from VA for radiation-related conditions. In addition, atomic veterans are eligible to participate in an ionizing radiation registry examination program operated by VA.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Public Health, Radiation )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Benefits )〕 Unfortunately, the only copies of service and medical records for many of these veterans were lost in the (fire at the National Archives ), in 1973.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=National Archives Fire of 1973 )〕Veterans, or families of deceased Veterans, whose records were lost in the fire, were denied these services and must go through an extensive reconstruction process in order to establish their presence during the time of atmospheric tests. (Groups ) supporting these Veterans and their Children can be found on Facebook. The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) has a different compensation program established by the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) which was passed by the United States Congress on October 5, 1990, and signed into law by President George H. W. Bush on October 15.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=George Bush XLI President of the United States: 1989-1993 - Statement on Signing the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act )〕 Atomic veterans who participated in atmospheric nuclear tests may be eligible.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division, Compensation Programs )〕 An (updated version of this bill ) widening the exposure area and compensation amount for Atomic Veterans and people living 'downwind' of the tests called "Downwinders" is in committee.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Radiation Exposure Compensation Act of 2013 )〕 Other compensation may also be available from the (United States Department of Labor ) under section SEC of the Occupational Illness Compensation program.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Division of Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation )〕 Epidemiological studies of Japanese atomic bomb survivors have shown exposure to radiation to be associated with a number of disorders including leukemia, various cancers and cataracts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Public Health, Diseases Associated with Ionizing Radiation Exposure )〕 It has been determined that (studies on the children of Atomic Vets ), however, face "insurmountable" difficulties.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Feasibility of Epidemiologic Studies on Atomic Veterans Families )〕 ==See also== * Atomic bomb * Downwinders * Human experimentation in the United States * Human radiation experiments 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「atomic veteran」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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